Innovation & Sustainable Business Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Characterize the Concept of a Business Model. Answer: A plan of action is considered being a reasonable, brief procedure of breaking down in what ways a business is working. Each association is endeavoring towards offering some incentive for the purchasers. When there is an expansion in the quality of offer particularly because of the correlation being finished with the contenders, at that point there will be an expanded chance that enormous quantities of clients will buy from the association. The plan of action is considered being a procedure to make an interpretation of the offer into the opportunities for fast development in income just as productivity (Dentchev, 2016). For example, the Business Model Canvas was viewed as being the successful standard of arranging in regard of new pursuits all through the globe to plot their perspectives just as to shape their future viewpoints. The plan of action gives the depiction of the strategies, which are utilized by the association for producing benefits. The plan of action additionally does the displaying of the components with respect to business activity that will be empowering it in getting gainful. An association may be having higher edges in contrast with its rivals because of its lower wellsprings of cost in regards to flexibly. Besides, plans of action experience cautious investigation by the possible financial specialists. A plan of action isn't generally latent, expressing that it may experience change a short time later and dispose of the model that got made when the association was begun. With the evolvement of the association, there consistently happens scope in regards to new surges of benefit (Schaper, 2016). Furthermore, there may happen extreme plan of action changes in an association because of the section of rivals in the market with an alternate just as improved model, which will show signs of imp rovement reaction from the clients. It very well may be expressed that an associations plan of action is an arrangement of related exercises that does the rising above of the central association and ranges its limits. The action framework does the empowering of the association, in relationship with its accomplices for making an incentive just as fittingly sharing that esteem. It is recommended that there are two arrangements of injuries that the planners of movement framework are required to mull over, which are structure components just as configuration subjects. The plan components is related with the substance, structure just as administration that gives the portrayal of the engineering in regards to a movement framework, though the plan topics is related with curiosity, adequacy just as lock-in, which gives the depiction of the sources identifying with the worth production of the action framework (Larson, 2017). The most fundamental part of understanding the cost-income structure of a hierarchical business is through guaging. This is considered being an activity that is helped out all through the residency of business since with the evolvement of the business atmosphere just as industry, the conjecture additionally begins getting developed. There are viewed as two sorts of gauges that associations are doing, for example, top-down figures just as base up estimates (Welford, 2013). Albeit, a plan of action including static qualities inside an association underpins it in completing its current exercises with no block, in any case, for being creative in the plan of action, organizations are required fusing just as constantly mulling over the prerequisite for coordinating the versatile characteristics inside their plans of action. These adaptable traits will help the organization in gaining a unique plan of action that will be situating the organization in having the capacity in reacting in a fitting way to its environmental factors (Richter, 2013). The term business setting clarifies the setting of the open door in regard of prerequisites assembling just as understanding. There happens the work of a specific jargon. This may incorporate an individual foundation, a greater network of business or a particular venture. Change in business is unavoidable because of the way that it is driven by factors inside the association itself, similar to the longing for repositioning the association inside the market, or executing another plan of action, or to converge with another association or to make its venture into another market. Likewise, change is driven by factors that are outside to the association like market rivalry, troublemaking advancements, changes in the demography just as new guidelines of the administration (Boons, 2013). With regards to clarifying the authoritative effect of the wonder identifying with the ascent of enormous information, it very well may be expressed that Nokia is portable interchanges association whose items are considered being a basic piece of the lives of people. Various people all through the world do the usage of the cell phones of Nokia for conveying, catching photographs just as sharing encounters. In this way, Nokia does the social event just as dissecting of colossal measures of information from cell phones. Then again, for supporting its broad usage of huge information, the organization is depending on an innovation biological system that is including a Teradata Enterprise Data Warehouse, enormous number of Oracle just as MySQL information stores, advancements for perception just as Hadoop (Mantos, 2013). Nokia is having in excess of 100 terabytes of organized information on Teradata just as petabytes of multi-organized information on the Hadoop Distributed File System or the HDFS. It does the permitting of the capacity of each datum that is either semi-organized or multi-organized just as helps with offering the preparing of information at the petabyte scale. The plan of action of Nokia has been transformed from the current plan of action of Product improvement to the Product Plus Service model. Because of this hierarchical change, there happened the division of the associations present Mobile Networks business bunch into two unmistakable however firmly related foundations. One of which is having an emphasis on the items just as arrangements considered as Mobile Networks though the other in administrations, for example, the Global Services. With respect to plan of action change of Nokia, it tends to be expressed that because of the outside triggers in regard of changing situations, for example, mechanical just as market deregulation, there happened the crumbling of execution at the specialty unit level of the association (Kanda, 2015). Accordingly, of this there happened the requirement for changing the plan of action of the association fundamentally. To finish up, it very well may be expressed that the general methodology in regards to the part of changing the plan of action have helped with featuring certain critical transformational angles. Specifically, it very well may be expressed that there is happening the development of the plan of action as another assessment unit. The future plans of action will likewise be accentuating upon a framework level, all encompassing methodologies for clarifying in what ways associations are directing business. In this specific situation, it tends to be expressed that associations are assuming a noteworthy job in the diverse plan of action conceptualizations that have been suggested. The part of plan of action has arrived at the phase of worldwide impact, both in regard of the serious achievement of the association just as with respect to the executives science. There has been the ascent in the degrees of pay in numerous nations that have helped with opening up new extensions and thus, an open door for the prospering of the plans of action. Subsequently, there has happened the extension for making new commercial centers that can't get successfully served by the conventional models whose planning was accomplished for the more seasoned markets. The plan of action likewise does the exhibiting of the elements with respect to business activity that will be empowering it in getting productive. An association may be having higher edges in contrast with its rivals because of its lower wellsprings of cost in regards to flexibly. Notwithstanding that, plans of action experience cautious investigation by the likely financial specialists. Reference Shelters, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Plans of action for economical development: best in class and steps towards an examination agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19. Aids, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., Wagner, M. (2013). Manageable development, plans of action and financial execution: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 1-8. Breuer, H., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2014). Standardizing development for manageable plans of action in esteem systems. Dentchev, N., Baumgartner, R., Dieleman, H., Jhannsdttir, L., Jonker, J., Nyberg, T., ... van Hoof, B. (2016). Grasping the assortment of feasible plans of action: social enterprise, corporate business endeavor, inventiveness, advancement, and different ways to deal with supportability challenges.Journal of Cleaner Production,113. Kanda, W., Clausen, J., Hjelm, O., Bienkowska, D. (2015). Elements of go-betweens in eco-advancement: an investigation of business improvement associations and bunch activities in a Swedish and a German area. InGlobal Cleaner Production and Sustainable Consumption Conference, 1-4 November, Sitges-Barcelona, Spain. Larson, A., Larson, A., Larson, A., Larson, A. (2017). Technique: Entrepreneurial Innovation, Health, Environment, and Sustainable Business Design.Darden Business Publishing Cases, 1-7. Matos, S., Silvestre, B. S. (2013). Overseeing partner relations when creating feasible plans of action: the instance of the Brazilian vitality sector.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 61-73. Richter, M. (2013). Plan of action advancement for economical vitality: German utilities and sustainable energy.Energy Policy,62, 1226-1237. Schaper, M. (Ed.). (2016).Making ecopreneurs: creating manageable business enterprise. CRC Press. Welford, R. (2013).Hijacking e

Term Paper Writers - Student Debt Relief Programs

Term Paper Writers - Student Debt Relief ProgramsWhen it comes to finding the right student debt relief firm, term paper writers should keep one thing in mind. Do not always trust the first source that you come across, especially if they are not willing to get down to the heart of the matter.So many students, most of whom are graduating today, have had a bad reputation to live up to. This is due in large part to the information war that has been fought on these programs by these fraudulent companies that try to take advantage of desperate students. This has caused a lot of disenchantment among the student body, which is why a new generation is trying to find new sources to be able to find the legitimate ones.A student debt relief firm is simply an organization that works to help you stay out of debt. They are the ones who negotiate with your creditors and take all of the pressure off of you so that you can focus on finding a way to pay back your debts as quickly as possible.There are several criteria that are needed to be met in order to qualify for a student debt relief program. These include paying off your debt, being employed, and having access to some sort of income. All of these things can help you qualify for a program that will be able to work with your personal situation to give you some assistance in clearing your debts.The first place that you should look for when trying to find a firm is the Better Business Bureau. If a company is considered a scam, the BBB will let you know about it and this is a great place to start. You want to find out exactly what a particular company has done in the past, including how they have handled their clients.The school you attend is another place to start looking for a program. You want to make sure that you are enrolled in a program that offers the type of program that you are interested in. Look for a reputable school that offers a high standard of teaching and pays its students fairly.Another source for term paper writers who are looking for student debt relief companies is the websites for the American Bar Association website. These sites will list all of the associations in your state, as well as a link to the Association's website. This is a great way to get the names of the firms in your area.These resources will be able to help you find a group of organizations that offer student debt relief programs. These are the schools that you should attend and pay attention to.

DHA Benefits and Side Effects for Children

DHA Benefits and Side Effects for Children Holistic Health Print DHA Benefits and Side Effects for Children By Cathy Wong Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Caitilin Kelly, MD on November 26, 2019 Caitilin Kelly, MD, is a clinical physician at  Indiana University  Health Bloomington Hospital and is board-certified in internal medicine. Learn about our Medical Review Board Caitilin Kelly, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Paul Bradbury / Getty Images More in Self-Improvement Holistic Health Happiness Meditation Stress Management Spirituality Inspiration Brain Health Technology Relationships View All In This Article Table of Contents Expand Uses Benefits Caveats Where to Find DHA View All Back To Top Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid used to improve brain and eye health in children. Found naturally in oily fish and some seaweed, DHA is also available in supplement form. Uses Since DHA is essential for neurological and visual development, DHA supplements are thought to enhance brain function and vision in children. In addition, DHA supplements are purported to treat certain health problems in children, such as allergies, asthma, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Benefits Heres a look at some key study findings on the benefits of DHA for children: ADHD   DHA deficiency may be common among children with ADHD, according to a report published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2000. However, its not known whether DHA supplements can help treat ADHD in children. For instance, in a 2001 study from the Journal of Pediatrics, researchers found that four months of DHA supplementation failed to decrease symptoms in a group of children with ADHD. The study involved 63 six- to 12-year-old children, each of whom received 345 milligrams (mg) of DHA or a placebo daily. An article published in the journal Lipids in 2017 reviewed 16 randomized controlled trials. Thirteen studies reported favorable benefits in ADHA symptoms including in hyperactivity, impulsivity, attention, visual learning, word reading, and working/short term memory. More studies are needed looking at the effectiveness of DHA in this area and it is too soon to routinely recommend DHA supplements as an adjunctive therapy to possibly lower the amount of standard medication needed. Brain Health   So far, research on DHAs effects on cognitive function in children has yielded mixed results. For example, a 2009 study of 90 healthy children ages 10 to 12 (published in Nutritional Neuroscience) found that eight weeks of DHA supplementation did not have a beneficial effect on brain function. On the other hand, a 2008 study of 175 healthy four-year-old children (published in Clinical Pediatrics) found that higher blood levels of DHA were linked to higher scores on vocabulary tests. However, this study did not specifically test the use of DHA supplements (and its potential to improve test scores). Therefore, DHAs effectiveness in improving cognitive function in children remains unclear. Caveats Taking DHA in the form of fish oil may cause certain side effects, such as bad breath, heartburn, and nausea.  It is also a blood thinner. Its important to keep in mind that many supplements havent been tested for safety and dietary supplements are largely unregulated. In some cases,  the product may deliver doses that differ from the specified amount for each nutrient or herb. In other cases, the product may be contaminated with other substances such as heavy metals.  Also, the safety of supplements in  pregnant women, nursing mothers, children, and those with medical conditions or who are taking medications has not been established. Before giving your child DHA supplements, consult their pediatrician to determine a safe dosage. Where to Find DHA Widely available for purchase online, DHA supplements for children are sold in many natural-food stores, grocery stores, and stores specializing in dietary supplements. DHA supplements are often available in a flavored gummy form to make the supplements palatable for children. A Word From Verywell Due to the lack of research, its too soon to recommend DHA as a treatment for any condition in children.  Its possible to achieve ample DHA intake by eating oily fish (such as salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring, and sardines) several times a week. Talk to your pediatrician about whether you should increase the amount of oily fish or should  consider giving them DHA supplements. Your pediatrician can also help you to determine a safe and effective dosage for DHA supplements. Its important to note that treating a chronic condition with DHA and avoiding or delaying standard care may have serious consequences for your childrens health.

Futalognkosaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Futalognkosaurus (indigenous/Greek for giant chief lizard); pronounced FOO-tah-LONK-oh-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of South America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (80 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 100 feet long and 50-75 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Quadrupedal posture; thick trunk; extremely long neck and tail About Futalognkosaurus Youd think it would be hard for a 100-foot-long dinosaur to keep a low profile, but the fact is that paleontologists are still digging up new genera. One of the latest examples is the oddly named Futalognkosaurus, 70 percent of whose skeleton has been reassembled from three fossilized specimens discovered in Patagonia (a region of South America). Technically, Futalognkosaurus is classified as a titanosaur (a type of lightly armored sauropod with a widespread distribution during the late Cretaceous period), and with 70 percent of its skeleton accounted for, some experts have hailed it as the most complete giant dinosaur known so far. (Other titanosaurs, such as Argentinosaurus, may have been even bigger, but are represented by less complete fossil remains.) Paleontologists have made significant process identifying the exact place of Futalognkosaurus on the titanosaur family tree. In 2008, researchers from South America proposed a new clade called Lognkosauria, which includes both Futalognkosaurus, the closely related Mendozasaurus, and the possibly even more gigantic Puertasaurus. Tantalizingly, the same fossil site where these titanosaurs were discovered has also yielded the scattered bones of Megaraptor, a meat-eating dinosaur (not a true raptor) that may have preyed on the juveniles of Futalognkosaurus, or scavenged the bones of adults after they perished.

U.s. Health Care System With Japan - 1088 Words

Comparison of the U.S. Health Care System with Japan Introduction Healthcare is a major sector in any country since it determines the health condition of the population. In most countries, the government is charged with the responsibility of safeguarding the well-being of its citizens. In the U.S., for instance, the Liberals believe that it is the obligation of the government to provide people with good health services, whereas the Conservatives prefer them to be privatized (Blahous, 2015). The focus of this study is to compare the healthcare status of the United States of America to that of Japan. The choice of Japan was majorly determined by its economic power, given that it is a developed nation with a tiger economy. Additionally, just†¦show more content†¦Life expectancy at birth recorded at 83.2 and mortality rates are high among the aged due to cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2014). Other risks to health include tobacco smoking and alcoholism. Obesity appears a mong the aged at 3.6% (OECD, 2014). In comparison, it is evident that life expectancy in Japan is higher than in the U.S. and the same applies to child mortality where Japan records lower infant deaths. Apparently, the United States spends a lot of funds to cater for the health of a single person, thus spending much of its GDP on healthcare as compared to Japan. Evidently, Americans are more prone to lifestyle diseases such as obesity, which happens to be common among young people as well as the older generation. Healthcare Financing In the US, a portion of medical services is taken care of by employers as well as by individuals. Moreover, the government has developed programs such as Medicare that cater for both disabled and elderly supported by federal funds (Blahous, 2015). Further, the state and federal funds help support Medicaid that caters for individuals with low income. The Affordable Care Act declares that individuals should not be denied health cover due to their pre-existing health conditions (Elhauge, 2015). It also forbids the insurance companies from dropping people with the

Unit 7 Free Essays

string(70) " Feminists have sought to analyse the impact of family life on women\." Principal Sociological Perspectives P1 Unit 7 Functionalism This is the relationship between the parts of society; how aspects of society are functional (adaptive). A strength of Functionalism would be that it states that there are purposes for social conditions or facts. For example, under a functionalist point of view the newspaper deliverer and retail worker all contribute to the function of the entire unit–without serving these purposes, the social structure would not function properly. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also functionalism is considered vital for the smooth running of society, as Durkheim stated. A criticism of the functionalist approach would be it does not address areas of conflict, which undoubtedly characterise modern societies and in principle could be found in all societies. Functionalism assumes that there is consensus: that everyone in the structure holds the same norms and values; that we all essentially believe in and work for the same thing. Functionalism is a theory about the nature of mental states. According to functionalists, mental states are identified by what they do rather than by what they are made of. Functionalism is the most familiar or â€Å"received† view among philosophers of mind and cognitive science. Family Functionalists look at how the family as an institution, helps in maintain order and stability in society, and the significance of the family for its individual members. A well know functionalist who have written about the family is George. P. Murdock. Murdock carried out a study that included 250 families. From this he argued that the family achieves four basic functions for its individual members and society. He says these are ‘sexual’, ‘reproductive’, ‘economic’ and ‘educational’ functions. The sexual function refers to the sexual activity. Murdock argued that the family provides to the sexual needs of its adults and also limits sexual access of other member of the society thereby maintaining stability. The ‘reproductive’ function is manner and raising children. The family provides the society with new members and assume responsibility for raising them. The family is an ‘economic’ unit, with a division of labour along gender. Murdock considers this division of labour as rewarding for the spouses and as strengthening the bond between them, as they are perceived as doing distinct but complementary work. The ‘educational’ function that Murdock refers to, can also be known as ‘socialisation’. The family has the responsibility of transmitting a society’s way of life, norms and values to the younger members. This function is important because without culture the society wouldn’t survive; too much deviation from the norm would disrupt the stability of the society. Marxism The sociological perspective sees society as structures with interconnected parts, and focuses on the structural features of society, emphasising social differences and the conflicting interests and values of different groups in society. Proletariat – Class of poor people who work for wages. Bourgeoise – Class of wealthy people who have their own means of wealth. Strengths would be that it recognises the power interests of different groups and is good at explaining conflict and change in society. It stresses the role of class struggle (conflict) within society between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners). Weakness would be that it doesn’t recognise that people are socially active, with some power and the ability to make choices and influence the direction of their own lives. It focuses on the economy as the driving force of social behaviour and ignores other important influences such as gender, ethnicity and religion. Marxism is a political and sociological perspective based on the work of Karl Marx (1818-1883) Marx provided an account of the new class based society that emerged after the industrial revolution. The Marxist perspective questions the functionalist idea that business owners and bosses are morally entitled to keep profits for they are part of the ruling ideology in capitalist society. Family Friedrich Engels is a famous Marxist. He believed that during the early stages of human evolution that property was collectively owned and that the family did not exist. The community formed the family and there was no restraint to sexual access. Although with the development of private ownership of property and the idea of having successors who were to inherit the property, the question of paternity grew in importance and the rules of monogamous marriage were created to control woman’s sexuality and assure the legitimacy of heirs. Feminism Capitalist – Another word for a member of the bourgeoisie Feminism is a movement for social, cultural, political and economic equality of men and women. It is a campaign against gender inequalities and it strives for equal rights for women. Feminism can be also defined as the right to enough information available to every single woman so that she can make a choice to live a life which is not discriminatory and which works within the principles of social, cultural, political and economic equality and independence. Strengths that the sociological feminist theorists had were on how their perception of womanhood was socially constructed and not even real. A weakness of it is that it felt as though the sociological feminists are very judgmental and it feels as though almost all men and most people looked down on women. There are 3 main types of feminist approach: * Marxist feminism * Radical feminism * Liberal feminism Marxist feminism Marxists feminists see woman as oppressed by capitalism and by men or the patriarchal society. They believe that woman produce the next generation of workers and those they provide all the key needs to meet for their children; and prepare them for the work life. They support their partners and cook, clean, and care for the family. Radical Feminism Radical feminists believe that it is not capitalism that dominates woman, and that it is men. They see the woman as the housewife and mother. Liberal Feminism These feminists believe that changes have happened. They believe that since new legislations have been bought out that there is now more equality. Legislation and policy changing, leads to liberal feminists believing that improvements will always be made Family Feminists have sought to analyse the impact of family life on women. You read "Unit 7" in category "Papers" Regardless of the numerous differences in their approach and main concern, different feminists tend to agree that women occupy a subordinate position in the family and are exploited in various ways. The Marxist feminists consider capitalism as the main exploiter. This exploitation is seen in terms of the unpaid work they carry out at home. Like the Marxist, they believe that the family also serves capitalism by reproducing the future labour force, but they also assert that it is not the family as such that suffers more, but the women. It is women that bear the children and assume the main responsibility for their care. Women are also exploited in that they are expected to provide outlets for all the frustration and anger that their husband experience at work and therefore prevent them from rebelling against their employers. Interactionism The interactionist’s perspective is a major theoretical perspective; it focuses on the concrete details of what goes on among individuals in everyday life. It derives social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) from human interaction. Its focus is on small groups and how they influence individual behaviour in society. A strength of this would be that it takes into account an individual’s choices they make and how they behave (their free will). It cannot explain where people get the meanings to symbols and that it ends up drawing these answers from other sociological theories, and it doesn’t explain social order and how it comes about; this would be a weakness. They do not study where the social roles come from. The evidence of symbolic interaction is that humans use symbols to understand and interact properly with the natural and social world. Symbolic interactionism is a theory of social cognition, which models human interaction among significant concepts like identity, language, meaning, labeling and roles. Family The interactionalist perspective looks at the family dynamics. This view explores the interaction of the family members; this is back and forth talk, gestures and actions that go on in families. The interactionist perspective refuses to identify a â€Å"natural family structure†. The family is not a stock social unit but the creation of its participants as they spontaneously relate to one another. Postmodernism This is an approach that emphases on the quick changing and uncertainty in our society. Postmodernists suggest that we cannot talk about well-known institutions such as the family, religion or the economy because nothing stays the same. Postmodernists think that because there is constant change you cannot use structuralist perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism to understand society. Strength of postmodernism would be that it provides a good critique of modernism and helpfully stresses the use of the aesthetic. Weakness would be that Postmodernism, like modernism, is characterized by astounding arrogance. Family Other theories believe that nuclear family is dominant family type within society; postmodernists disagree with this opinion and have different views. Postmodernists argue that this structural approach ignores moral relativism of individuals that they always have a choice of family type and nobody can judge them. Also modernists ignore the increase of family diversity; however there is no ‘best’ family type anymore. Collectivism Collectivism is an approach to providing health and social care services that is reinforced by a government commitment to provide care and support for the vulnerable, funded through taxation and National Insurance. This contrasts with the ‘New right’ that consider welfare to be the responsibility of the individual and their family and believe that the state should play a minimal role. An emphasis is placed on unification and a common purpose. Families are considered very important for personal growth. An advantage to living in a collectivist society is that the group members are close-knit and care for and help one another, which is not always the case in an individualistic society. Another strength would be that communication is very important in a collective group. No one is left out of the mix, and everyone is involved in making decisions. A weakness would be that collectivism stifles individuality and diversity by insisting upon a common social identity, such as nationalism, racialism, feminism, or some other group focus. Also collectivism is linked to statism and the diminution of freedom when political authority is used to advance collectivist goals. Family Family ties will be different in different cultures; they will be strong in a collectivist society, Collectivist societies will be more characterized by coexistence of several generations within the household and stronger ties towards the larger family clan. ‘New right’ This is political movement made up especially of Protestants, opposed especially to secular humanism, and concerned with issues especially of church and state, patriotism, laissez-faire economics, pornography, and abortion. They believe that welfare should be largely seen as the responsibility of the individual and their family. The New Right regarded tate support as intrusive and supporting a dependency culture. Mrs Thatcher thought the welfare state produced a society in which people relied on state benefits rather than planning for the future and taking responsibility for their own needs and responsibility. A Strength of this would be that it would get more people that can work but don’t, to go out and work. Also it would benefit people because they would be going out earning their own money and it would be a good social factor. A Weakness of this would be that how do you get the people that have been off work for such a long time back into education and work. Family The New Right Family Ideology is patriarchal, the family is male dominant. Feminists argue that this is negative for women. It ignores the dark side of the family e. g. domestic abuse, poverty, conflict. It is harmful, calling other family-types ‘inadequate’ – schools, advertisements and television reinforce this idea. It is anti-social – it stereotypes, labels and discriminates against other family-types; ‘inadequate’ and has a ‘Them and Us’ theory – Nuclear families are the only family type, other family types aren’t families. How to cite Unit 7, Papers Unit 7 Free Essays string(70) " Feminists have sought to analyse the impact of family life on women\." Principal Sociological Perspectives P1 Unit 7 Functionalism This is the relationship between the parts of society; how aspects of society are functional (adaptive). A strength of Functionalism would be that it states that there are purposes for social conditions or facts. For example, under a functionalist point of view the newspaper deliverer and retail worker all contribute to the function of the entire unit–without serving these purposes, the social structure would not function properly. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 7 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also functionalism is considered vital for the smooth running of society, as Durkheim stated. A criticism of the functionalist approach would be it does not address areas of conflict, which undoubtedly characterise modern societies and in principle could be found in all societies. Functionalism assumes that there is consensus: that everyone in the structure holds the same norms and values; that we all essentially believe in and work for the same thing. Functionalism is a theory about the nature of mental states. According to functionalists, mental states are identified by what they do rather than by what they are made of. Functionalism is the most familiar or â€Å"received† view among philosophers of mind and cognitive science. Family Functionalists look at how the family as an institution, helps in maintain order and stability in society, and the significance of the family for its individual members. A well know functionalist who have written about the family is George. P. Murdock. Murdock carried out a study that included 250 families. From this he argued that the family achieves four basic functions for its individual members and society. He says these are ‘sexual’, ‘reproductive’, ‘economic’ and ‘educational’ functions. The sexual function refers to the sexual activity. Murdock argued that the family provides to the sexual needs of its adults and also limits sexual access of other member of the society thereby maintaining stability. The ‘reproductive’ function is manner and raising children. The family provides the society with new members and assume responsibility for raising them. The family is an ‘economic’ unit, with a division of labour along gender. Murdock considers this division of labour as rewarding for the spouses and as strengthening the bond between them, as they are perceived as doing distinct but complementary work. The ‘educational’ function that Murdock refers to, can also be known as ‘socialisation’. The family has the responsibility of transmitting a society’s way of life, norms and values to the younger members. This function is important because without culture the society wouldn’t survive; too much deviation from the norm would disrupt the stability of the society. Marxism The sociological perspective sees society as structures with interconnected parts, and focuses on the structural features of society, emphasising social differences and the conflicting interests and values of different groups in society. Proletariat – Class of poor people who work for wages. Bourgeoise – Class of wealthy people who have their own means of wealth. Strengths would be that it recognises the power interests of different groups and is good at explaining conflict and change in society. It stresses the role of class struggle (conflict) within society between the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners). Weakness would be that it doesn’t recognise that people are socially active, with some power and the ability to make choices and influence the direction of their own lives. It focuses on the economy as the driving force of social behaviour and ignores other important influences such as gender, ethnicity and religion. Marxism is a political and sociological perspective based on the work of Karl Marx (1818-1883) Marx provided an account of the new class based society that emerged after the industrial revolution. The Marxist perspective questions the functionalist idea that business owners and bosses are morally entitled to keep profits for they are part of the ruling ideology in capitalist society. Family Friedrich Engels is a famous Marxist. He believed that during the early stages of human evolution that property was collectively owned and that the family did not exist. The community formed the family and there was no restraint to sexual access. Although with the development of private ownership of property and the idea of having successors who were to inherit the property, the question of paternity grew in importance and the rules of monogamous marriage were created to control woman’s sexuality and assure the legitimacy of heirs. Feminism Capitalist – Another word for a member of the bourgeoisie Feminism is a movement for social, cultural, political and economic equality of men and women. It is a campaign against gender inequalities and it strives for equal rights for women. Feminism can be also defined as the right to enough information available to every single woman so that she can make a choice to live a life which is not discriminatory and which works within the principles of social, cultural, political and economic equality and independence. Strengths that the sociological feminist theorists had were on how their perception of womanhood was socially constructed and not even real. A weakness of it is that it felt as though the sociological feminists are very judgmental and it feels as though almost all men and most people looked down on women. There are 3 main types of feminist approach: * Marxist feminism * Radical feminism * Liberal feminism Marxist feminism Marxists feminists see woman as oppressed by capitalism and by men or the patriarchal society. They believe that woman produce the next generation of workers and those they provide all the key needs to meet for their children; and prepare them for the work life. They support their partners and cook, clean, and care for the family. Radical Feminism Radical feminists believe that it is not capitalism that dominates woman, and that it is men. They see the woman as the housewife and mother. Liberal Feminism These feminists believe that changes have happened. They believe that since new legislations have been bought out that there is now more equality. Legislation and policy changing, leads to liberal feminists believing that improvements will always be made Family Feminists have sought to analyse the impact of family life on women. You read "Unit 7" in category "Essay examples" Regardless of the numerous differences in their approach and main concern, different feminists tend to agree that women occupy a subordinate position in the family and are exploited in various ways. The Marxist feminists consider capitalism as the main exploiter. This exploitation is seen in terms of the unpaid work they carry out at home. Like the Marxist, they believe that the family also serves capitalism by reproducing the future labour force, but they also assert that it is not the family as such that suffers more, but the women. It is women that bear the children and assume the main responsibility for their care. Women are also exploited in that they are expected to provide outlets for all the frustration and anger that their husband experience at work and therefore prevent them from rebelling against their employers. Interactionism The interactionist’s perspective is a major theoretical perspective; it focuses on the concrete details of what goes on among individuals in everyday life. It derives social processes (such as conflict, cooperation, identity formation) from human interaction. Its focus is on small groups and how they influence individual behaviour in society. A strength of this would be that it takes into account an individual’s choices they make and how they behave (their free will). It cannot explain where people get the meanings to symbols and that it ends up drawing these answers from other sociological theories, and it doesn’t explain social order and how it comes about; this would be a weakness. They do not study where the social roles come from. The evidence of symbolic interaction is that humans use symbols to understand and interact properly with the natural and social world. Symbolic interactionism is a theory of social cognition, which models human interaction among significant concepts like identity, language, meaning, labeling and roles. Family The interactionalist perspective looks at the family dynamics. This view explores the interaction of the family members; this is back and forth talk, gestures and actions that go on in families. The interactionist perspective refuses to identify a â€Å"natural family structure†. The family is not a stock social unit but the creation of its participants as they spontaneously relate to one another. Postmodernism This is an approach that emphases on the quick changing and uncertainty in our society. Postmodernists suggest that we cannot talk about well-known institutions such as the family, religion or the economy because nothing stays the same. Postmodernists think that because there is constant change you cannot use structuralist perspectives such as Functionalism and Marxism to understand society. Strength of postmodernism would be that it provides a good critique of modernism and helpfully stresses the use of the aesthetic. Weakness would be that Postmodernism, like modernism, is characterized by astounding arrogance. Family Other theories believe that nuclear family is dominant family type within society; postmodernists disagree with this opinion and have different views. Postmodernists argue that this structural approach ignores moral relativism of individuals that they always have a choice of family type and nobody can judge them. Also modernists ignore the increase of family diversity; however there is no ‘best’ family type anymore. Collectivism Collectivism is an approach to providing health and social care services that is reinforced by a government commitment to provide care and support for the vulnerable, funded through taxation and National Insurance. This contrasts with the ‘New right’ that consider welfare to be the responsibility of the individual and their family and believe that the state should play a minimal role. An emphasis is placed on unification and a common purpose. Families are considered very important for personal growth. An advantage to living in a collectivist society is that the group members are close-knit and care for and help one another, which is not always the case in an individualistic society. Another strength would be that communication is very important in a collective group. No one is left out of the mix, and everyone is involved in making decisions. A weakness would be that collectivism stifles individuality and diversity by insisting upon a common social identity, such as nationalism, racialism, feminism, or some other group focus. Also collectivism is linked to statism and the diminution of freedom when political authority is used to advance collectivist goals. Family Family ties will be different in different cultures; they will be strong in a collectivist society, Collectivist societies will be more characterized by coexistence of several generations within the household and stronger ties towards the larger family clan. ‘New right’ This is political movement made up especially of Protestants, opposed especially to secular humanism, and concerned with issues especially of church and state, patriotism, laissez-faire economics, pornography, and abortion. They believe that welfare should be largely seen as the responsibility of the individual and their family. The New Right regarded tate support as intrusive and supporting a dependency culture. Mrs Thatcher thought the welfare state produced a society in which people relied on state benefits rather than planning for the future and taking responsibility for their own needs and responsibility. A Strength of this would be that it would get more people that can work but don’t, to go out and work. Also it would benefit people because they would be going out earning their own money and it would be a good social factor. A Weakness of this would be that how do you get the people that have been off work for such a long time back into education and work. Family The New Right Family Ideology is patriarchal, the family is male dominant. Feminists argue that this is negative for women. It ignores the dark side of the family e. g. domestic abuse, poverty, conflict. It is harmful, calling other family-types ‘inadequate’ – schools, advertisements and television reinforce this idea. It is anti-social – it stereotypes, labels and discriminates against other family-types; ‘inadequate’ and has a ‘Them and Us’ theory – Nuclear families are the only family type, other family types aren’t families. How to cite Unit 7, Essay examples

Toulose Essays - Early Middle Ages, Prefectures In France, Nmes

Toulose Toulose is a city in southern France, Capital of Haute -Garonne Department, on the Garonne River and the Canal du Midi. Its major Commercial , Transportation and Manufacturing center, is known for its production of aircraft and aerospace equipment. Other products are chemicals, clothing , electrical machinery, and farm implements. Places of interest in Toulose include a the largeRomanesque Basilica of saint Sernin, which contains the tomb of St. Thomas Aquinas; the Gothic Cathedral of WSaint Etienne; and the church of Notre Dame la Blanche. The city alsocontains mansions in the renaissance style; these include the Hotel Felzins, the Maison de Pierre, and the hotel d;Assezat et de Clemence -Isaure. As the Gallic city of Tolosa, the community was important long before the Roman conquest of Gaul. It became an episcopal see in the 4th century and was the capital of the Visigoths from 419 to 508, when it was captured by Clovis I, king of the Franks. It served as the seat of the Carolingian kingdom of the Aquitainebfrom 781 to 843, when the separate county of Toulose was established. The city joined the $Roman Catholic cause during the Wars of the Religion in the late 16th century, however, in 1562 some 4000 Protestants Huguenots of the city were killed. Nimes, city in southern France, capital of Gard Department, on a plain in the Cevennes Region. Its farm -trade and manufacturing center, products include: texties, clothing.